What are the types of IP addresses?

An IP address is a unique identifier used to identify and find devices in a computer network. According to their role and scope of use, IP addresses can be divided into the following types:

1. LAN IP address: LAN IP address, also known as Intranet IP address, is an address used in the LAN to identify and find devices on the LAN. A local area network is a relatively small network, usually established within an institution, business, or home. In a LAN, each computer or device is assigned a unique LAN IP address for communication and data exchange within the LAN.

Intranet IP addresses are usually private IP addresses, which are Assigned by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). Common private IP address network segments are:

192.168.x.x: This is one of the most common private IP address segments. It can support a large number of devices as it has 16,777,216 available IP addresses. For example, 192.168.0.1, 192.168.1.100, etc.

10.x.x.x: This is another common private IP address segment. It can also support large-scale device connections. For example, 10.0.0.1, 10.1.2.3, etc.

172.16.x.x-172.31.x.x: This is a group of private IP address segments that can provide a large range of addresses. For example, 172.16.0.1, 172.31.255.255, and so on.

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Computers on the LAN can connect to the public Internet through the gateway, but other computers on the Internet cannot directly access computers on the Intranet. This is because LAN IP addresses are private and are not routable over the Internet and cannot be directly accessed by external networks. Through a gateway or router, computers on the Intranet can access the public Internet, but computers on the public Internet cannot directly initiate computers connected to the Intranet.

2. Public IP address: A public IP address, also known as a WAN IP address, is an IP address that directly connects to the Internet. Unlike LAN IP addresses, public IP addresses are unique global addresses that can be recognized and accessed globally by routers and Internet devices. A public IP address is an IP address that can be accessed directly from the Internet, allowing other computers or devices to communicate with it through the public IP address.

Typically, Internet service providers (ISPs) assign public IP addresses to users, which are used to connect to the Internet. Every device connected to the Internet needs a unique public IP address to ensure proper data transfer and communication across the globe.

Public IP addresses are managed and Assigned by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) and Regional Internet Registries (RIRs). These agencies are responsible for assigning IP addresses to various regions and ISPs to ensure the uniqueness and validity of each IP address.

3. Proxy IP address: Proxy IP address is a special IP address that forwards network requests and obtains network information through a proxy server. The proxy server acts as a relay station for network information, and it can control and register all the network data that passes through it. Proxy IP addresses can be used to hide real public IP addresses to protect user access and privacy.

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When a user accesses Internet resources through a proxy server, the proxy server sends the request to the target server on behalf of the user. In this process, the target server can only see the IP address of the proxy server and cannot know the real IP address of the user who actually initiated the request. The advantage of this is that the real identity of the user is effectively protected and will not be directly identified and tracked by the target server.

4, IPv4 and IPv6 addresses: IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) is the widely used version of an IP address, which consists of 32-bit binary numbers, usually represented as four sets of decimal numbers (e.g. 192.168.1.1). However, due to limited IPv4 address space, IPv4 address resources have become scarce with the development of the Internet. To solve this problem, IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) was introduced, which uses 128-bit binary addresses to provide a larger address space and ensure the continued development of the Internet in the future.

To sum up, IP address is an important part of computer network, according to the role and scope of use, can be divided into LAN IP address, public IP address and proxy IP address. Choosing the right IP address type and version is crucial to achieving efficient network communication and protecting privacy security.